| Serum-SalivaCorrelation | NA |
| Sensitivity | 0.106pg/mL |
| SampleTestVolume | 200μL |
| RecommendedCollectionVolume | 425μL* |
| SpecialConsiderations | No |
| CollectionProtocol | DownloadPDF |
Tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-αorcachectin)isamemberofafamilyofsmallBIOLOGicallyactiveproteinsknownascytokines. TNF-α playsakeyroleintheinnateinflammatoryresponseinvertebrates.WhenmacrophagesandTcellsdetectaninvADIngpathogen,theyproduceTNF-α,triggeringlocalproductionofchemokinesandadditionalcytokines,whichthenattractandactivateleukocytesattheinfectionsite.(1,2,3,4) TNF-αalsoparticipatesinthedevelopmentofacquiredimmunityfromtheinfection.(5)TNF-αplaysaroleinnumerousotherprocessesthroughoutthebody,includingremodelingoftissuesandcausingapoptosisoftumorcells.(6) DysregulationofTNF-αproductionisinvolvedinperiodontaldisease,heartdisease,auto-immuneconditions,andosteoarthritis.(7,8,9,10,11) MessengerRNAforTNF-αhasbeenfoundintissuesofhealthyhumanlABIalsalivaryglands,andtheexpressionlevelsofthemRNAswereeitherup-ordown-regulatedbyadjacentfocalinfiltratinglymphoidcells.(12)
Theepithelialcellsinthesalivaryglandsareactiveparticipantsintheautoimmune-mediatedprocessofSjögren’ssyndrome,andTNF-αlevelsareincreasedinthatdisease.(12,13) RelationshipsbetweenTNF-αlevelsinbloodandsalivaarenotfullyunderstood.
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- Mastroeni,P.,Ménager,N.(2003). DevelopmentofacquiredimmunitytoSalmonella. JMedMicrobiol,52(pt6),453-59.
- Goodsell,D.S.(2006). Themolecularperspective:Tumornecrosisfactor. Oncologist,11(1),83-4.
- Giannobile,W.V.,Beikler,T.,Kinney,J.S.,etal.(2009).Salivaasadiagnostictoolforperiodontaldisease:Currentstateandfuturedirections. Periodontology2000,50,52-64.
- Torre-Amione,G.,Kapadia,S.,Lee,J.,etal.(1996). Tumornecrosisfactor-αandtumornecrosisfactorreceptorsinthefailinghumanheart. Circulation,93(4),704-11.
- Kulkarni,K.,Selesniemi,K,Brown,T.L.(2006).Interferon-gammasensitizesthehumansalivaryglandcellline,HSG,totumornecrosisfactor-alphainducedactivationofdualapoptoticpathways. Apoptosis,11(12),2205-15.
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- Sun,D.,Emmert-Buck,M.R.,Fox,P.C.(1998). DifferentialcytokinemRNAexpressioninhumanlabialminorsalivaryglandsinprimarySjögren’ssyndrome. Autoimmunity,28(3),125-37.
- Fox,R.I.,Kang,H.I,Ando,D.,etal.(1994). CytokinemRNAexpressioninsalivaryglandbiopsiesofSjögren’ssyndrome. JImmunol,152(11),5532-39.
