| Serum-SalivaCorrelation | 0.80 |
| Sensitivity | 5pg/mL |
| SampleTestVolume | 50μL |
| RecommendedCollectionVolume | 125μL* |
| SpecialConsiderations | No |
| CollectionProtocol | DownloadPDF |
Progesterone(4-pregenene-3,20-dione)isasteroidhormoneofprimaryimportanceinovulation,fertility, pregnancy,andmenopause. Synthesisofprogesteronetakesplaceintheplacenta,adrenalglands,andgonads.(1,2,3,4) Innormal,non-pregnantwomenduringthemid-lutealphaseofthemenstrualcycle,progesteroneexhibitsaprominentcircADIanrhythmwithadditionalultradiancomponents. Peakproductionoccursintheeveningaround6PM.(5)Inpregnantwomen,progesteronealsoexhibitsasimilarrhythmduringthesecondandthirdtrimester,withanadirinthemorningandapeakinthelateevening.(6)Inmales,progesteroneisthoughttoplaysomeroleintesticularphysiology.(7)
Inadditiontoitsroleasasexhormone,progesteronealsoservesasaprecursorcompoundformanyoftheothersteroidhormones. Progesteroneisalsosynthesizedinthebrainandnervoussystem,whereitfunctionsasaneurosteroidthatcaninfluencesurvivalandgrowthofcells,(8,9)anditisinvolvedinbraindevelopmentandbehavior.(8,9,10,11)
Inbloodonly1to15%ofprogesteroneisinitsunboundorBIOLOGicallyactiveform. Theremainingprogesteroneisboundtoserumproteins. Unboundprogesteroneentersthesalivaviaintracellularmechanisms,andthemajorityofprogesteroneinsalivaisnotprotein-bound.(12) Correlationsobtainedbetweenplasmaandsalivarylevelsmeasuredinthesamesubjectshavegenerallybeenquitehigh.(13)
- Tuckey,R.C.(2005).Progesteronesynthesisbythehumanplacenta. Placenta,26(4),273-81.
- Strott,C.A.,Yoshimi,T.,Lipsett,M.B.(1969). Plasmaprogesteroneand17-hydroxyprogesteroneinnormalmenandchildrenwithcongentialadrenalhyperplasia.JClinInvest,48(5),930-39.
- Soules,M.R.,Clifton,D.K.,SteinerR.A.,etal.(1988).Thecorpusluteum:Determinantsofprogesteronesecretioninthenormalmenstrualcycle.ObstetGynecol,71(5),659-66.
- Eppig,J.J.(2001).Oocytecontrolofovarianfolliculardevelopmentandfunctioninmammals. Reproduction,122(6),829-38.
- Veldhuis,J.D.,Christiansen,E.C.,Evans,W.S.,etal.(1988). Physiologicalprofilesofepisodicprogesteronereleaseduringthemidlutealphaseofthehumanmenstrualcycle:Analysisofcircadianandultradianrhythms,discretepulseproperties,andcorrelationswithsimultaneousluteinizinghormonerelease. JClinEndocrinolMetab,66(2),414-21.
- Junkermann,H.,Mangold,H.,Vecsei,P.,RunNEBaum,B.(1982).Circadianrhythmofserumprogesteronelevelsinhumanpregnancyanditsrelationtotherhythmofcortisol. ActaEndocrinol,101(1),98-104.
- Shah,C.,Modi,D.,Sachdeva,G.,etal.(2005). Coexistenceofintracellularandmembrane-boundprogesteronereceptorsinhumantestis. JClinEndocrinolMetab,90(1),474-83.
- Djebaili,M.,Guo,Q.,Pettus,E.H.,etal.(2005). Theneurosteroidsprogesteroneandallopregnanolonereducecelldeath,gliosis,andfunctionaldeficitsaftertraumaticbraininjuryinrats.JNeurotrauma,22(1),106-18.
- Stein,D.G.(2008).Progesteroneexertsneuroprotectiveeffectsafterbraininjury. BrainResRev,57(2),386-97.
- Wagner,C.K.(2006).Themanyfacesofprogesterone:Aroleinadultanddevelopingmalebrain. FrontNeuroendocrinol,27(3),340-59.
- Brown,S.L.,Fredrickson,B.L.,Wirth,M.M.,etal.(2009). Socialclosenessincreasessalivaryprogesteroneinhumans. HormBehav,56(1),108-111.)
- Vining,R.F.,McGinley,R.A.(1987).Themeasurementofhormonesinsaliva:Possibilitiesandpitfalls. JSteroidBiochem,27(1-3),81-94.
- Ellison,P.T.(1993).Measurementsofsalivaryprogesterone.In:Salivaasadiagnosticfluid,Malamud,D.,Tabak,L.,eds.AnnNYAcadSci,694,161-176.
