| Serum-SalivaCorrelation | NA |
| Sensitivity | 43pg/mL |
| SampleTestVolume | 100μL |
| RecommendedCollectionVolume | 225μL* |
| SpecialConsiderations | PassiveDrool Only DHEA-Sis FlowRateDependent (pg/mL) |
| CollectionProtocol | DownloadPDF |
DHEA-S(DehydroepiandrosteronesulfateorDHEAsulfate)isasteroidhormoneproducedprimarilyinthe adrenalcortex.ItisthesulfatedversionofthehumansteroidDHEA,and,likeDHEA,itissecretedinresponsetoACTH. DHEA-Sbeenreportedtohaveadiurnalrhythm,butthefindingshavevaried,andsomestudiesfoundnovariation.(1) DHEA-Sinthebloodstreamhasalongerhalf-life,slowerclearance,andismorestronglyboundtoalbuminthanDHEA,whichmayaffectsynchronicitywiththeDHEArhythm.(2,3,4) DHEA-Sappearstoservelargelyasaprecursormoleculethatiscirculatedtovarioustargettissuesinthebody.Inthoselocations,thesulfateisremovedtoyieldDHEA,andtheDHEAisthenfurthermetabolizedintovariousestrogenicandandrogeniccompounds.Thisprocessallowsandrogensandestrogenstobedeliveredtotheappropriatetissueswithoutleakageofsignificantamountsintothecirculation.(5,6) DHEA-Sisalsosynthesizeddirectlyinthecentralnervoussystem,whereitisthoughttohelpprotectnervoustissuesagainstharmfulagents.(7,8)
DHEA-Shasbeeninvestigatedforrelationshipstomentalandphysicalstressandpsychologicalandbehavioraldisorders.(9,10,11,12,13)
DHEA-Sisachargedmolecule,anditcannotdiffusethroughtheneutrallipidmembranesofthesalivarycellsliketheotherneutralsteroids. Theexactmodeofentryintosalivaisnotknown. Formerly,itwasthoughtthatDHEA-Senterssalivaonlybysqueezingthroughthetightjunctionsbetweencells,andsinceitistoolargetodothisreADIlyonlysmallamountswouldbepresentinsaliva.(14) Morerecentworkhasidentifiedalargefamilyoforganicaniontransportpolypeptides(OATP)thatactivelytransportmoleculessuchasDHEA-Sacrossmembranes. ItisthereforeseemslikelythatsuchamodeofentryoccursforDHEA-Sintothesalivaglands.(15,16) SalivarylevelsofDHEA-Sarequitelow–lessthan0.1%ofplasmalevelsinparotidsaliva.(14)However,becauselevelsofDHEA-Sinbloodare250and500timeshigherthanDHEAinwomenandmen,respectively,(2)thelevelsfoundinsalivaarehighenoughtobemeasurable. DuetotherestrictivemodeofentryforDHEA-Sintosaliva,itslevelsinsalivadecreaseassalivaryflowratesincrease.(14) DHEA-Smeasurementsinsalivamustthereforebecorrectedforflowrate. BecauseofthemuchhigherlevelsofDHEA-Sinblood,itisimportanttominimizetheriskofbloodcontaminationinthesalivasamples.SalivaryandplasmalevelsofDHEA-Sshowasignificantpositivecorrelation.(17)
- SummarizedinWhetzel,C.A.,Klein,L.C.MeasuringDHEA-Sinsaliva:Timeofdaydifferencesandpositivecorrelationsbetweentwodifferenttypesofcollectionmethods. BMCResNotes,3:204.
- Krobath,P.D.,Salek,F.S.,Pittenger,A.L.etal.(1999). DHEAandDHEA-S:Areview. JClinPharmacol39(4),327-48.
- Rosenfeld,R.S.,Rosenberg,B.J.,Fukushima,D.K.,Hellman,L.(1975). 24-Hoursecretorypatternofdehydroisoandrosteroneanddehydroisoandrosteronesulfate. JClinEndocrinolMetab,40(5),850-55.
- Carlström,K.,Karlsson,R.,VonSchoultz,B.(2002). Diurnalrhythmandeffectsoforalcontraceptivesonserumdehydroepiandrosteronesulfate(DHEAS)arerelatedtoalterationsinserumalbuminratherthantochangesinadrenocorticalsteroidsecretion. ScanJClinLabInvest,62(5),361-68.
- Labrie,F.,Bélanger,A.,Cusan,L.,Candas,B.(1997). Physiologicalchangesindehydroepiandrosteronearenotreflectedbyserumlevelsofactiveandrogensandestrogensbutoftheirmetabolites:Intracrinology. JClinEndocrinolMetab,82(8),2403-9.
- Labrie,F.,Luu-The,V.Bélanger,A.,etal.(2005). Isdehydroepiandrosteroneahormone?JEndocrinol,187,169-96.
- Charalampopoulos,I.,Alexaki,V.-I.,Tsatsanis,C.,etal.(2006). Neurosteroidsasendogenousinhibitorsofneuronalcellapoptosisinaging. AnnNYAcadScience,1088,138-52.
- Baulieu,E.-E.,Robel,P.(1998).Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)anddehydroepiandrosteronesulfate(DHEAS)asneuroactiveneurosteroids. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,95(8),4089-91.)
- Kellner,M.,Muhtz,C.,Peter,F.,etal.(2010). IncreasedDHEAandDHEA-Splasmalevelsinpatientswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderandahistoryofchildhoodabuse.JPsychiatrRes,44(4),215-9.
- Golubchik,P.,Mozes,T.,Maayan,R.,Weizman,A.(2009). Neurosteroidbloodlevelsindelinquentadolescentboyswithconductdisorder.EurNeuropsychopharmacol,19(1),49-52.
- Azurmendi,A.,Braza,F.,Garcia,F.etal.(2006).Aggression,dominanceandaffiliation:Theirrelationshipswithandrogenlevelsandintelligencein5-year-oldchildren. HormBehav,50(1),132-40.
- MacLaughlin,B.W.,Wang,D.,Noone,A.-M.,etal.(2010). StressbioMarkersinmedicalstudentsparticipatinginamindbodymedicineskillsprogram. eCAM,doi:10.1093/ecam/neq039.
- Wang,J.-S.,Chen,S.-M.,Lee,S.-P.,etal.2009). Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfatelinkedtophysiologicresponseagainsthotspringimmersion.Steroids,74(12),945-49.
- Vining,R.F.,McGinley,R.A.,Symons,R.G.(1983). Hormonesinsaliva:Modeofentryandconsequentimplicationsforclinicalinterpretation. ClinChem,29(10),1752-56.
- Konttinen,Y.T.,Stegaev,V.,Mackiewicz,Z.,etal.(2010). Salivaryglands--‘anunisexorgan’?OralDis,16(7),577-85.
- Pomari,E.,Nardi,A.,Fiore,C.,etal.(2009). Transcriptionalcontrolofhumanorganicaniontransportingpolypeptide2B1gene. JSteroidBiochemMolBiol,115(3-5),146-52.
- Jezova,D.,Hlavacova,N.(2008).Endocrinefactorsinstressandpsychiatricdisorders:Focusonanxietyandsalivarysteroids. AnnNYAcadSci,1148,495-503.
