| Serum-SalivaCorrelation | NA |
| Sensitivity | 0.4U/mL |
| SampleTestVolume | 10μL |
| RecommendedCollectionVolume | 25μL* |
| SpecialConsiderations | α-Amylaseis LocationDependent α-Amylasehasa DiurnalRhythm α-Amylasemaybe FlowRateDependent |
| CollectionProtocol | DownloadPDF |
Alpha-Amylase(orα-Amylase)isadigestiveenzymethathydrolysesalpha-1,4bondsoflargepolysaccharidessuchasstarchandglycogen,yieldingthesmallerby-productsofglucoseandmaltose.(1)Alphaamylaseissynthesizedintheacinarcellsofthesalivaglandsandstoredinsecretorygranulesinsidethecells.(2) Itsreleasefromthesalivarycellsisgreatlyincreasedinresponsetotasteorchewingmotionsofthejaw.(3,4,5) Salivaryα-amylaselevelsarenotrelatedtoα-amylaselevelsinblood,whicharederivedfrompancreaticsecretion.(1) Inadditiontoitsdigestivefunction,alpha-amylasealsoplaysanimportantanti-bacterialroleintheoralcavity;forthisreasonitispresentinlowerlevelsinnon-stimulatedsalivabetweenmeals.(6,7)Salivaryα-amylaseexhibitsadiurnalrhythm,withapronounceddecreasewithin60minutesafterawakeningandasteadyincreaseofactivityduringthecourseoftheday.(8) Alpha-amylaseproductioninthesalivaglandsincreasesinresponsetopsychologicalandphysicalstressthroughinteractionswiththeautonomicnervoussystem,andithasbeenfoundtobeausefulasaMarkerofactivityintheautonomicnervoussystem. (9,10,11) Salivaryalpha-amylaselevelshavebeenusedasabiomarkerofANSactivityinvariousfieldsofbiobehavioralresearch.(12,13,14,15)
- Schenkels,L.C.,Veerman,E.C.,NieuwAmerongen,A.V.(1995).Biochemicalcompositionofhumansalivainrelationtoothermucosalfluids. CritRevOralBiolMed,6(2),161-75.
- Gorr,S.U.,Venkatesh,S.G.,Darling,D.S.(2005). Parotidsecretorygranules:Crossroadsofsecretorypathwaysandproteinstorage.JDentRes,84(6),500-9.
- Ekstrom,J.(2001).Gustatory-salivaryreflexesinducenon-adrenergic,non-cholinergicacinardegranulationintheratparotidgland. ExpPhysiol,86(4),475-80.
- Jensen,J.L.,Brodin,P.,Berg,T.,Aars,H.(1991). Parotidsecretionoffluid,amylaseandkallikreinduringreflexstimulationundernormalconditionsandafteracuteadmiNISTrationofautonomicblockingagentsinman. ActaPhysiolScand,143(3),321-29.
- Mackie,D.A.,Pangborn,R.M.(1990).Masticationanditsinfluenceonhumansalivaryflowandalpha-amylasesecretion. PhysiolBehav,47(3),593-95.
- Scannapieco,F.A.,Torres,G.,Levine,M.J.(1993). Salivaryalpha-amylase:Roleindentalplaqueandcariesformation. CritRevOralBiolMed,4(3-4),301-07.
- Douglas,C.W.(1983)Thebindingofhumansalivaryα-amylasebyoralstrainsofstreptococcalbacteria. ArchOralBiol,28(7),567-73.
- Nater,U.M.,Rohleder,N.,Schlotz,W.,etal.(2007). Determinantsofthediurnalcourseofsalivaryalpha-amylase. Psychoneuroendocrinology,32(4),392-401.
- Nater,U.M.,Rohleder,N.(2009). Salivaryalpha-amylaseasanon-invasivebiomarkerforthesympatheticnervoussystem:Currentstateofresearch. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34(4),486-96.
- vanStegeren,A.,Rohleder,N.,Everaerd,W.,Wolf,O.T.(2006). Salivaryalphaamylaseasmarkerforadrenergicactivityduringstress: Effectofbetablockade. Psychoneuroendocrinology,31(1),137-41.
- Proctor,G.B.,Carpenter,G.H.(2007). Regulationofsalivaryglandfunctionbyautonomicnerves. AutonNeurosci,133(1),3-18.
- Keller,P.S.,El-Sheikh,M.,Vaughn,B.,Granger,D.A.(2009).Salivaryalpha-amylaseasalongitudinalpredictorofchildren’sexternalizingsymptoms:Respiratorysinusarrhythmiaasamoderatorofeffects. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34(5),633-43.
- Gordis,E.B.,Margolin,G.,Spies,L.,etal.(2010). Interparentalaggressionandparent-adolescentsalivaryalphaamylasesymmetry. PhysiolBehav, 100(3),225-33.
- Gordis,E.B.,Granger,D.A.,Susman,E.J.,Tickett,P.K.(2008).Salivaryalphaamylase-cortisolasymmetryinmaltreatedyouth. HormBehav,53(1),96-103.
- Granger,D.A.,Kivlighan,K.T.,El-Sheikh,M.,etal.(2007). Salivaryα-amylaseinbiobehavioralresearch:Recentdevelopmentsandapplications. AnnNYAcadSci,1098,122-44.)
